Faucaria sp. (Tiger Jaws) Terrarium Caresheet
Faucaria species, commonly known as Tiger Jaws, are DWARF succulent plants that feature rosettes of thick, triangular leaves with tooth-like edges resembling a tiger's jaws. Native to arid regions of South Africa, they are ideal for a low-humidity, well-lit terrarium or open terrarium environment. These succulents are relatively easy to care for and small size, making them a popular choice for succulent enthusiasts.
Care Guidelines
1. Lighting
Preferred Light: Faucaria species thrive in bright, direct light but can adapt to bright, indirect light as well. In a terrarium, place them in a spot where they receive plenty of light, such as near a sunny window.
Supplementing: If there is insufficient natural light, you can use a grow light to provide 10-12 hours of bright light daily. In a closed terrarium, be cautious not to overheat the environment with strong direct light.
2. Humidity
Ideal Humidity: As desert plants, Faucaria prefers low humidity (30-50%). High humidity can cause the plant to rot. An open terrarium or one with good ventilation is recommended to avoid excessive moisture buildup.
Ventilation: Ensure that the terrarium has good airflow, either through ventilation holes or by keeping the lid partially open to maintain dry conditions.
3. Temperature
Optimal Range: 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 80°F) is ideal for Faucaria. They enjoy warmth and can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures, but should not be exposed to freezing temperatures (below 5°C / 41°F).
Avoid Extreme Cold: Protect the plant from drafts and cold windowsills, especially during winter months.
4. Watering
Watering Frequency: As succulents, Faucaria species need very little water. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings, especially in the terrarium environment where water can accumulate. Overwatering is the most common cause of problems.
How to Water: Water sparingly, preferably using a spray bottle or syringe to moisten the soil near the roots without soaking the entire substrate. In a terrarium, it’s crucial to avoid water pooling at the bottom, which can cause root rot.
5. Soil
Soil Mix: Use a fast-draining, sandy soil mix suitable for succulents and cacti. A mix of cactus soil and added perlite or sand works well. Avoid soils that retain too much moisture.
Terrarium Layering: In a closed or semi-closed terrarium, include a drainage layer of pebbles or activated charcoal at the base. This helps excess water drain away from the roots and prevents root rot.
6. Fertilizing
Frequency: Fertilize sparingly, once a month during the growing season (spring and summer), using a diluted succulent or cactus fertilizer. Do not fertilize during winter when the plant's growth slows down.
Terrarium Note: In a terrarium, reduce the strength of the fertilizer, as the enclosed environment can cause a buildup of nutrients in the soil.
7. Dormancy
Dormant Period: Faucaria species enter a period of dormancy in the cooler months. During dormancy, reduce watering significantly, allowing the soil to remain dry for longer periods. Avoid fertilizing until new growth begins in the spring.
Handling Dormancy: Place the terrarium in a slightly cooler location during dormancy, but ensure it still receives light.
8. Pruning
Trimming Dead Leaves: Remove any dead or shriveled leaves by gently pulling them away from the base. This will keep the plant healthy and tidy.
Shaping: Faucaria doesn’t require much pruning as it naturally maintains a compact rosette shape. However, if offsets appear, they can be removed and propagated.
9. Pests
Potential Issues: Faucaria species are generally pest-resistant, but mealybugs and scale insects can occasionally become an issue. Inspect the plant regularly, and if pests are present, treat them with neem oil or a mild insecticidal soap.
Fungal Issues: Overwatering or excess humidity can lead to fungal problems. Ensure good airflow and avoid water sitting on the leaves to prevent these issues.
10. Growth
Slow Grower: Faucaria species are slow-growing succulents. They remain compact, making them perfect for terrarium displays. Over time, the plant may produce offsets (pups) around the base, which can be carefully separated and propagated.
Re-potting: If the plant outgrows the terrarium, or if offsets start crowding the space, you may need to transplant it to a larger container or terrarium.
Conclusion
Faucaria sp. (Tiger Jaws) is a hardy and visually appealing succulent, well-suited for a dry, low-maintenance terrarium setup. Its striking leaf structure and compact growth make it a perfect candidate for smaller terrariums or succulent arrangements. With proper lighting, minimal watering, and low humidity, it will thrive and add a unique texture to your terrarium landscape.